Mandela, N. R. (1994, Mar 01). The future of South Africa. The Asian Age. Retrieved from http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?id=3652 Firstly, this document is a primary source because it was written at the close of the legal Apartheid era by Nelson R. Mandela. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela is a South African anti-apartheid activist, revolutionary and politician who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, the first to be elected in a fully representative, multiracial election. He served as president of the African National Congress political party from 1990 to 1999. Mandela attended Fort Hare University and the University of Witwatersrand, studying law. (from online biography)
Martin, M. J. (2006). Apartheid in South Africa. Farmington, MI: Gale.
Michael J. Martin is a former editor at Reminisce magazine, and is currently a freelance writer. He has written more than a dozen books, as well as magazine articles for publications. He has attained a master’s degree in educational psychology from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. (from book)
Reddy, E. S. (2012, Oct 02). United Nations and the African National Congress: Partners in the struggle against Apartheid.Retrieved from http://www.anc.org.za/docs/arts/2012/un_anc.pdf
Mr. Reddy became interested in the struggle for freedom in South Africa during his student days in India in the 1940s. He met the delegation led by Dr. Xuma to the UN in New York in 1946 and joined a demonstration against South African racism organized by the Council on African Affairs. He is the only person who has followed the UN discussions on the situation in South Africa from 1946 to 1994. Most of his career in the UN Secretariat (1949-1985) was devoted to the question of South Africa. He was appointed principal secretary of the Special Committee against Apartheid in 1963, director of the Centre against Apartheid in 1976 and Assistant Secretary-General of the UN in 1983. (from PDF report)
Worger, W. H. (2013). History of South Africa. Retreived on March 7, 2013
from http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/South-Africa-history.htm William H. Worger specializes in the social and economic history of southern Africa. A New Zealander by birth, his first research project was a study of Te Puea Herangi, a Maori woman who led a cultural and economic revival among the Waikato people in the early 20th century. Since coming to the United States in 1975 he has worked on historical representations of Shaka, the industrial origins of racial discrimination--South Africa's City of Diamonds: Mine Workers and Monopoly Capitalism in Kimberley, 1867-1895 (Yale University Press, 1987)-- and, currently, contestations between African and European over the meaning of colonialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Prior to coming to UCLA in 1989, he taught at Stanford University, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and Dalhousie University. He has also served as Associate Dean of the Graduate Divsion at UCLA, and Dean of the Graduate School at LSU (from website).
Knight, V. C. (1999). African biography. (Vol 2).U.X.L, An Imprinting of Gale Research Inc. African Biography presents biographical entries on seventy-five noteworthy Africans, historical and contemporary, in a variety of fields, from a wide range of sub-Saharan countries. The book is part of the Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (from book).
Badsha, O. (2000). General South African history timeline: Pre-1500s-2000s. Retrieved on March 3, 2013 from www.sahistory.org.za.
Omar Badsha is one of South Africa's foremost documentary photographers, artists, political and trade union activists and an historian. He is an award winning artist and photographer and has exhibited extensively in South Africa and internationally. Badsha established South African History Online (SAHO), a non-profit online history project, in June 2000 which is the largest independent non-partisan peoples’ history project in the country. SAHO aims to address the biased manner in which the history and cultural heritage of South Africa has been represented in educational and cultural institutions. (from website).
Sonneborn, L. (2010). The end of Apartheid in South Africa. New York: Infobase Publishing.
Liz Sonneborn is a writer living in Brooklyn, New York. A graduate of Swarthmore College, she has written more than 70 books for children and adults. Her works include The American West, A to Z of American Indian Women, and The Ancient Kushites, which the African Studies Assosiation’s Children’s Africana Book Awards named an Honor Book for Older Readers in 2006 (from book).
Laverty, A. (13 March 2007). Outcomes of slavery in Brazil and South Africa. Retrieved on March 7, 2013 fromhttp://theafricanfile.com/politicshistory/outcomes-of-slavery-in-brazil- and-south-africa/ Alex Laverty is currently attending the University of Southern California in the Masters of Public Diplomacy degree program at the Annenberg School of Communication and Journalism. He has recently completed an MA from the University of California – Los Angeles in African Studies where he focused on ICT, Democracy, and Development. His current research interests focus on Digital Diplomacy, Internet Freedom, and political economy of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Cotterell, A. (1979). A dictionary of world mythology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Arthur Cotterell is Principal of Kingstop upon Thames College of Further Education in the UK. He is the author of several books the ancient civilizations of East Asia, including China: A Concise Cultural History and The Minoan World. He is the editor of The Encycllopedia of Ancient Civilizations. A Dictionary of World Mythology presents the powerful gods of Greese, Rome, and Scandinavia, the more mystical deities of Buddhist and Hindu India, and the stern spirits of the African and American continents.
Laure, J. (1980). South Africa, coming of age under apartheid. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Jason Laure, originally from Chehalis, Washington, attended Columbia University,
also working for The New York Times for a year. He has traveled extensively throughout
Africa for the last thirty years, with an emphasis on the culture, history, and tradition of
the more southern regions. Laure has published thirty-two books covering countries all
over the world; three exclusively written on South Africa.
Mandela, N. (1986). The struggle is my life. New York: Pathfinder Press.
Nelson Mandela holds much responsibility for ending the apartheid rule in South Africa.
He was the first President of South Africa elected by a fully representative, mulitiracial
election. As president, Mandela’s administration helped to gain equality amongst
citizens, end racism, reduce poverty and demolish the apartheid’s legacy.
About SA – History. (2012, September 12). South African Government Information. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from http://www.info.gov.za/aboutsa/history.htm
The web address discusses South Africa’s chronology dating back to the first inhabitants who lived in the area for over one hundred thousand years. While providing an extensive analysis of South Africa’s history, including European colonists, apartheid, and the first two decades of freedom, the government-operated website also offers readers information on South African economics, geography, sports, culture and international affairs.
The CIA, founded in 1942 under President Roosevelt, is an independent Government agency responsible for providing National security intelligence for the United States. The CIA receives their information via covert missions executed by non-military commissioned civilians trained to avoid engagement. Most of the information gathered are firsthand accounts from the unbiased non-military commissioned agents. Information that will be pulled from this website will include the history, cultural influences, and economic system of South Africa.
Mandela, N. R. (1994, Mar 01). The future of South Africa. The Asian Age. Retrieved from http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?id=3652
Firstly, this document is a primary source because it was written at the close of the legal Apartheid era by Nelson R. Mandela. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela is a South African anti-apartheid activist, revolutionary and politician who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, the first to be elected in a fully representative, multiracial election. He served as president of the African National Congress political party from 1990 to 1999. Mandela attended Fort Hare University and the University of Witwatersrand, studying law. (from online biography)
Martin, M. J. (2006). Apartheid in South Africa. Farmington, MI: Gale.
Michael J. Martin is a former editor at Reminisce magazine, and is currently a freelance writer. He has written more than a dozen books, as well as magazine articles for publications. He has attained a master’s degree in educational psychology from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. (from book)
Reddy, E. S. (2012, Oct 02). United Nations and the African National Congress: Partners in the struggle against Apartheid.Retrieved from http://www.anc.org.za/docs/arts/2012/un_anc.pdf
Mr. Reddy became interested in the struggle for freedom in South Africa during his student days in India in the 1940s. He met the delegation led by Dr. Xuma to the UN in New York in 1946 and joined a demonstration against South African racism organized by the Council on African Affairs. He is the only person who has followed the UN discussions on the situation in South Africa from 1946 to 1994. Most of his career in the UN Secretariat (1949-1985) was devoted to the question of South Africa. He was appointed principal secretary of the Special Committee against Apartheid in 1963, director of the Centre against Apartheid in 1976 and Assistant Secretary-General of the UN in 1983. (from PDF report)
Underwood, P. (n.d.). An overview of South Africa. Retrieved from http://www.dissanet.com/ifla/pdf/LIASA%2015%20Overview.pdf
Peter G. Underwood is Professor of Librarianship in the Department of Information and Liberal Studies at the University of Cape Town, having occupied this position since 1992.Prior to this he spent twenty years as Lecturer in the __Department of Information Studies, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth__. His teaching and research focuses on information literacy, information systems management and organizational behavior in the context of libraries and information services. He is a graduate of the __Cranfield School of Management__, having completed an MBA there in 1980, and a Fellow of the __Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals__ (CILIP). (from biography found on homepage of Department of Information and Liberal Studies at the University of Cape Town)
Worger, W. H. (2013). History of South Africa. Retreived on March 7, 2013
from http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/South-Africa-history.htm
William H. Worger specializes in the social and economic history of southern Africa. A New Zealander by birth, his first research project was a study of Te Puea Herangi, a Maori woman who led a cultural and economic revival among the Waikato people in the early 20th century. Since coming to the United States in 1975 he has worked on historical representations of Shaka, the industrial origins of racial discrimination--South Africa's City of Diamonds: Mine Workers and Monopoly Capitalism in Kimberley, 1867-1895 (Yale University Press, 1987)-- and, currently, contestations between African and European over the meaning of colonialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Prior to coming to UCLA in 1989, he taught at Stanford University, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and Dalhousie University. He has also served as Associate Dean of the Graduate Divsion at UCLA, and Dean of the Graduate School at LSU (from website).
Knight, V. C. (1999). African biography. (Vol 2).U.X.L, An Imprinting of Gale Research Inc.
African Biography presents biographical entries on seventy-five noteworthy Africans, historical and contemporary, in a variety of fields, from a wide range of sub-Saharan countries. The book is part of the Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (from book).
Middleton, J. (2002). Africa: An encyclopedia for students. Retrieved February 28, 2013 from
http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOvefailO=&query=&prodId=WHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&dispdisplayGr=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityTypa=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3400100391&
Gale, part of Cengage Learning, is a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses. Best known for accurate and authoritative reference content as well as intelligent organization of full-text magazine and newspaper articles, Gale publishes learning resources in a variety of formats including web portals, digital archives, print and eBooks (from website).
Badsha, O. (2000). General South African history timeline: Pre-1500s-2000s. Retrieved on March 3, 2013 from www.sahistory.org.za.
Omar Badsha is one of South Africa's foremost documentary photographers, artists, political and trade union activists and an historian. He is an award winning artist and photographer and has exhibited extensively in South Africa and internationally. Badsha established South African History Online (SAHO), a non-profit online history project, in June 2000 which is the largest independent non-partisan peoples’ history project in the country. SAHO aims to address the biased manner in which the history and cultural heritage of South Africa has been represented in educational and cultural institutions. (from website).
Sonneborn, L. (2010). The end of Apartheid in South Africa. New York: Infobase Publishing.
Liz Sonneborn is a writer living in Brooklyn, New York. A graduate of Swarthmore College, she has written more than 70 books for children and adults. Her works include The American West, A to Z of American Indian Women, and The Ancient Kushites, which the African Studies Assosiation’s Children’s Africana Book Awards named an Honor Book for Older Readers in 2006 (from book).
Laverty, A. (13 March 2007). Outcomes of slavery in Brazil and South Africa. Retrieved on
March 7, 2013 from http://theafricanfile.com/politicshistory/outcomes-of-slavery-in-brazil- and-south-africa/
Alex Laverty is currently attending the University of Southern California in the Masters of Public Diplomacy degree program at the Annenberg School of Communication and Journalism. He has recently completed an MA from the University of California – Los Angeles in African Studies where he focused on ICT, Democracy, and Development. His current research interests focus on Digital Diplomacy, Internet Freedom, and political economy of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Cotterell, A. (1979). A dictionary of world mythology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Arthur Cotterell is Principal of Kingstop upon Thames College of Further Education in the UK. He is the author of several books the ancient civilizations of East Asia, including China: A Concise Cultural History and The Minoan World. He is the editor of The Encycllopedia of Ancient Civilizations. A Dictionary of World Mythology presents the powerful gods of Greese, Rome, and Scandinavia, the more mystical deities of Buddhist and Hindu India, and the stern spirits of the African and American continents.
Laure, J. (1980). South Africa, coming of age under apartheid. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
Jason Laure, originally from Chehalis, Washington, attended Columbia University,
also working for The New York Times for a year. He has traveled extensively throughout
Africa for the last thirty years, with an emphasis on the culture, history, and tradition of
the more southern regions. Laure has published thirty-two books covering countries all
over the world; three exclusively written on South Africa.
Mandela, N. (1986). The struggle is my life. New York: Pathfinder Press.
Nelson Mandela holds much responsibility for ending the apartheid rule in South Africa.
He was the first President of South Africa elected by a fully representative, mulitiracial
election. As president, Mandela’s administration helped to gain equality amongst
citizens, end racism, reduce poverty and demolish the apartheid’s legacy.
About SA – History. (2012, September 12). South African Government Information. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from http://www.info.gov.za/aboutsa/history.htm
The web address discusses South Africa’s chronology dating back to the first inhabitants who lived in the area for over one hundred thousand years. While providing an extensive analysis of South Africa’s history, including European colonists, apartheid, and the first two decades of freedom, the government-operated website also offers readers information on South African economics, geography, sports, culture and international affairs.
South Africa (2013, Feb 05). Cia world factbook. Retrieved on March 4, 2013 from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html
The CIA, founded in 1942 under President Roosevelt, is an independent Government agency responsible for providing National security intelligence for the United States. The CIA receives their information via covert missions executed by non-military commissioned civilians trained to avoid engagement. Most of the information gathered are firsthand accounts from the unbiased non-military commissioned agents. Information that will be pulled from this website will include the history, cultural influences, and economic system of South Africa.